Understanding Complex Gerund and Infinitive Structures
Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that function as nouns in a sentence. They can be used to express actions, states, or qualities. When these verb forms are combined with other words or phrases, they create complex gerund and infinitive structures. In this article, we will explore the various ways in which gerunds and infinitives can be used in complex structures.
Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. It can be used in various ways, including as the subject or object of a sentence.
1. Gerund as the Subject
When a gerund is used as the subject of a sentence, it is followed by a singular or plural verb. Here are some examples:
| Example | Sentence |
|---|---|
| 1 | Skiing is my favorite winter activity. |
| 2 | Playing the piano requires practice. |
| 3 | Reading books is an enjoyable pastime. |
2. Gerund as the Object
A gerund can also function as the object of a verb or a preposition. Here are some examples:
| Example | Sentence |
|---|---|
| 1 | I enjoy swimming in the ocean. |
| 2 | She suggested going to the movies. |
| 3 | He is good at painting landscapes. |
Infinitives
An infinitive is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by the word “to.” It can also be used in various ways, such as the subject or object of a sentence.
1. Infinitive as the Subject
When an infinitive is used as the subject of a sentence, it is followed by a singular or plural verb. Here are some examples:
| Example | Sentence |
|---|---|
| 1 | To travel is my dream. |
| 2 | To learn a new language takes time. |
| 3 | To succeed requires hard work. |
2. Infinitive as the Object
An infinitive can also function as the object of a verb or a preposition. Here are some examples:
| Example | Sentence |
|---|---|
| 1 | I want to eat pizza for dinner. |
| 2 | He decided to quit his job. |
| 3 | She is excited to go on vacation. |
Complex Gerund and Infinitive Structures
Complex gerund and infinitive structures involve combining gerunds or infinitives with other words or phrases to form more intricate sentence constructions.
1. Gerund Structures
Gerunds can be combined with other verbs, nouns, adjectives, or prepositions to create complex structures. Here are some examples:
- I enjoy playing the piano.
- She admitted to cheating on the test.
- They are afraid of flying in airplanes.
2. Infinitive Structures
Infinitives can also be combined with other verbs, nouns, adjectives, or prepositions to form complex structures. Here are some examples:
- He wants to become a doctor.
- We need to finish the project by tomorrow.
- She decided to buy a new car.
Practice Exercises
Now that you have learned about complex gerund and infinitive structures, it’s time to test your understanding. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct gerund or infinitive form:
- I enjoy (to swim / swimming) in the pool.
- She suggested (to go / going) to the party.
- (To read / Reading) books is a great way to relax.
- (To travel / Traveling) is an enriching experience.
- He decided (to quit / quitting) his job.
Answers
- I enjoy swimming in the pool.
- She suggested going to the party.
- Reading books is a great way to relax.
- Traveling is an enriching experience.
- He decided to quit his job.
